理論上，若是以手術完全移除腫瘤細胞，癌症是可以被治癒的。但並非總是如此簡單，外科手術通常無法切除已經轉移到其他部位的癌細胞。使用外科手術治療癌症的例子包括以乳房切除术治療乳癌或是進行前列腺切除術（英语：prostatectomy）治療前列腺癌。手術的目的在於移除腫瘤細胞或是整個器官，雖然將主要的腫瘤經外科手術切除，但仍有些潛伏在腫瘤所生長的器官週遭的單一腫瘤細胞是無法被察覺的。隨著時間過去，又會重新生長成一個新的腫瘤，稱為癌症復發。為此，手術切除下的腫瘤需要經病理學家的檢視，以確定切下的腫瘤週遭都是正常組織，減少腫瘤切除不完全的機會。
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Upper body X-ray exhibiting lung most cancers within the left lung Most cancers are initially recognized possibly due to the visual appeal of indications or indicators or by way of screening.[one hundred twenty five] Neither of these results in a definitive analysis, which calls for the examination of the tissue sample by a pathologist.
Cytogenetics and immunohistochemistry are other types of tissue checks. These exams offer specifics of molecular alterations (like mutations, fusion genes and numerical chromosome modifications) and may Consequently also suggest the prognosis and very best treatment.
避免暴露于紫外线辐射（这主要源于阳光暴晒和人工晒黑设备)和/或采取防晒措施；
Attainable harms in the screening 癌症 exam: one example is, X-ray photos contain exposure to most likely dangerous ionizing radiation
疼痛：肿瘤因生长、转移等破坏、侵犯局部组织或神经，出现各种不同性质、程度的疼痛感，夜间痛较为明显。
These easy-to-use health assessment tools will allow you to gauge critical parts of your Over-all health and fitness and wellness.
癌症會根據發生的部位，有不同前兆或症狀，但這些前兆也可能由其他疾病引起，因此，如果以下症狀持續數週都沒有改善，請前往醫院進行檢查。
Complementary and option cancer treatment plans are a diverse group of therapies, techniques and products which usually are not Component of conventional medicine.[202] "Complementary medication" refers to procedures and substances utilized along with regular drugs, whilst "alternative medication" refers to compounds applied instead of typical medicine.[203] Most complementary and alternate medicines for cancer haven't been examined or analyzed applying conventional methods for example medical trials.
In non-humans, a handful of varieties of transmissible cancer have also been explained, wherein the most cancers spreads amongst animals by transmission in the tumor cells on their own.
与其他方法一起，可延缓病变进展、改善症状，对肛管癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、喉癌、骨肉瘤、直肠癌、胃癌、基底细胞癌等疗效确切，对食管癌、非小细胞肺癌、鼻咽癌、恶性间皮瘤、子宫内膜癌、胰腺癌、前列腺癌等可能有价值。
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有些恶性肿瘤，并不被称为癌或肉瘤，而是以“恶性……瘤”的名词出现，如恶性黑色素瘤。